R.E.M. GREEN     NEAR MINT COPY PLAYED A FEW TIMES THE LATTER WAS TO RECORD TO DAT TAPE, COVER IS IN NEAR MINT CONDITION WITH ORIGINAL LINER, THIS IS A FIRST ISSUE THAT THE BAR CODE IS ACTUALLY A DECAL THAT WAS APPLIED, COULD BE EASILY REMOVED.
Green by ReleasedNovember 7, 1988Recorded May–June 1988 July–September 1988 Studio ,  ,  Length41:01 R.E.M.  chronology
(1988)Green
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(1991) from Green ""
Released: December 1988 ""
Released: January 1989 ""
Released: May 1989 ""
Released: September 1989 Green promo cover Promotional copies of Green came in a cloth case with a debossed cover. The dark colors and texture were meant to go with the album's message of environmentalism. Green is the sixth  by American  band , released on November 7, 1988 by . Produced by the band and , it continued to explore political issues both in its lyrics and packaging. The band experimented on the album, writing major-key rock songs and incorporating new instruments into their sound including the , as well as switching their original instruments on other songs.

Upon its release, Green was a critical and commercial success. To promote Green, the band embarked on an 11-month world tour and released four singles from the album: "", "", "", and "".

Contents Background and recording[]

With the release of  in 1987, R.E.M. fulfilled its contract with . Frustrated that its records did not see satisfactory overseas distribution, in early 1988 the band told I.R.S. head Jay Boberg that it was leaving the label. Guitarist  also explained that his group felt it was being pressured to sell well by I.R.S., yet felt I.R.S.'s distributor  did not consider the ensemble a priority. R.E.M.'s management then approached any record companies that expressed interest in the band. Though other labels offered more money, R.E.M. ultimately signed a deal with Warner Bros. Records—reportedly between $6 million and $12 million—due to the company's assurance of total creative freedom. In light of its move to a major label, the band became defensive in interviews about accusations from some fans who claimed it was .

R.E.M. began the album process by recording demos at Robbie Collins' Underground Sound Recording Studio in Athens, Georgia in February 1988. Bill Berry, Peter Buck and Mike Mills recorded the basic tracks in two configurations: (1) drums, guitar, and bass, and (2) percussion, mandolin, and accordion. The demos were mixed by Robbie Collins, Buren Fowler (guitar tech for Peter Buck and later member of ), and David LaBruyere (later bassist for Vic Varney, Michelle Malone, and John Mayer) and presented to R.E.M. management. Michael Stipe used these recordings for his vocal arrangements. Some of these demos, including "Title," "Great Big," "Larry Graham" and "The Last R.E.M. Song," have never been commercially released. The demo "Larry Graham" was named for  bassist , who was famous for his slap-bass style. "Larry Graham" has many similarities musically with  opener "." "Title" was an older song which had been demoed for  the prior year and performed often on the Work Tour. "Title" is the only unreleased song from these demo sessions known to have recorded vocals.

Just one month after signing with Warner Bros., the band recorded the basic tracks for Green at Ardent Studios Studio A in Memphis, Tennessee from May 24 through July 5, 1988, with Scott Litt producing. Recording and mixing resumed later that month at Bearsville Sound Studios in Bearsville, New York. Three unreleased songs were recorded in Bearsville, including "Carnival" and two untitled songs. "The Wrong Child" was recorded and mixed under the working title "Mozart." The Bearsville sessions continued until September 3, 1988—barely two months before Green's release.

Music[]

In a 1988 interview, Peter Buck described Green as an album that didn't feature any typical R.E.M. songs. Describing the band's standard output as "Minor key, mid-tempo, enigmatic, semi-folk-rock-balladish things", the guitarist noted that for Green, "We wrote major key rock songs and switched instruments." Singer  had reportedly told his bandmates to "not write any more R.E.M.-type songs". Bassist  argued that Green was an experimental record, resulting in an album that was "haphazard, a little scattershot". Band biographer David Buckley wrote, "[S]onically, Green is all over the place, the result being a fascinatingly eclectic album rather than a unified artistic move forward".

Green was reputedly envisioned as an album where one side would feature electric songs and the other, acoustic material, with the plan failing to come to fruition due to a lack of acoustic songs deemed fit for release. David Buckley highlighted three main musical strands on Green: "ironic pop songs" like "Stand" and "Pop Song 89", harder-hitting tracks such as "Orange Crush" and "Turn You Inside-Out", and "pastoral acoustic numbers" that had Peter Buck playing , with track 11 singled out as an anomaly. Buck had become fond of playing acoustic music with his friends in that period, and thus purchased an "oddly-shaped Italian mandolin-cum-lyre" in 1987; he would play the instrument on three of the tracks on Green. From this period onward, R.E.M. would swap instruments among members, and on Green the group also incorporated , , and .

Artwork and packaging[]

The cover art was painted by New York City minimalist line painter Jon McCafferty. Promotional copies of the album were housed in a mauve, cloth-covered , with the title and artist debossed and a number "4" embossed over both of the "R"s. The color and texture are made to imitate .

The original pressings of the album and cassette tape covers had the number 4  over the R in both "Green" and "R.E.M." In return, "R. Stand" appears instead of "4. Stand" on the track list on the back cover. Allegedly, this was a product of an early typing mistake: due to "4" being a number very close to "R" on the keyboard, "Green" was once misspelled "G4een", and the mistake was adopted this way. The album was the first by the band to feature printed lyrics, although only the lyrics to "World Leader Pretend" appeared.

Green is the first R.E.M. album to also be released in a special edition version, though it was only released as a promotional CD. R.E.M. would go on to create a special edition version of each subsequent album they released, with the exception of their final studio album—2011's .

Although the title of the album is Green, the cover artwork to the LP is orange in color (this was changed to a lighter shade of yellow for some versions of the  and cassette tape.) The reason for this is that, staring at the orange image for several seconds and then closing one's eyes causes a green negative image to appear. When viewed in this manner, the cover art appears to depict green grass.

Release and reception[] Professional ratingsReview scoresSourceRatingB+9/108.4/10B+

Green was released on November 7, 1988, in the United Kingdom, and the following day in the United States. R.E.M. chose the American release date to coincide with the , and used its increased profile during the period to criticize  candidate  while praising  candidate . With warm critical reaction and the conversion of many new fans, Green ultimately went double-platinum in the US, reaching number 12, and peaked at number 27 in the UK. "Orange Crush" became R.E.M.'s first American number one single. It was the band's first gold album in the UK, making it the quartet's European breakthrough. "What I love about it is the immensely unlikely lyrics," remarked , frontman of , "and, in the mandolin on 'You Are The Everything' and 'The Wrong Child', it's got a bit of  but in a much purer way. It's so small and intense, it's amazing."

Some advance promo cassettes of the album, dating from September 1988, contained alternate mixes of "World Leader Pretend" (with different intro), "Turn You Inside-Out" (with different ending), and the untitled eleventh track (different drum mix). All of these mixes are otherwise unreleased.

The band would tour extensively in support of the album throughout 1989, before beginning work on 1991's . Green has gone on to sell four million copies worldwide.

R.E.M. supported the album with its biggest and most visually developed tour to date, featuring back-projections and  playing on the stage. The tour was much larger in scope than the "Work" tour that supported the previous album. This was especially true in venues outside of the United States due to Warner Bros. Records ability to market the band overseas. On the final night of the 11-month trek to support Green, at the Fox Theater, in Atlanta, GA, the band performed their first full-length album, , in order, from start to finish, followed by Green, in order, from start to finish. The night was concluded by an encore set performed by Microwave & the Melons—the road crew led by guitar tech Mark "Microwave" Mytrowitz. It marked the only live performance of "The Wrong Child," and one of the few live performances of "Hairshirt." After the Green tour, the band members unofficially decided to take the following year off, the first extended break in the group's career.

Some songs from Green—such as "Pop Song 89" and "Orange Crush"—had appeared occasionally on the "Work" tour in 1987. Though the lyrics were embryonic, the melodies and arrangements were similar to those that appeared on the finished record. Similarly, the band began playing versions of "Low" and "Belong" in the later part of the Green Tour, both of which would appear on their next album Out of Time.

Portions of the tour would be filmed for the band's first live video album .

The album was remastered in 2013 for its 25th anniversary, adding the bonus live album Live in Greensboro 1989 by ; was released on May 14. Additionally, the EP Live in Greensboro EP was released on April 20 as a promotion for .

 listed it in his top fifty albums of all time. In 1989,  ranked the album at number 62 in its list of "The Top 80 Albums from the '80s." In 1993,  ranked the album at number 70 in their list of "The 100 Best Albums of All Time." In 2013,  ranked it at number 274 in its list of the "".

Track listing[]

All songs written by , , , and .

Side one – "Air side"

"" – 3:04 "" – 2:39 "You Are the Everything" – 3:41 "" – 3:10 "World Leader Pretend" – 4:17 "The Wrong Child" – 3:36

Side two – "Metal side"

"" – 3:51 "" – 4:16 "Hairshirt" – 3:55 "I Remember California" – 4:59 Untitled – 3:10